Note that the latest USHCN data in the above graph has the most warming, at +0.26 C/decade. One thing I have learned about China in recent decades is that their political culture is to say anything necessary to nominally appease other countries, and then do just the opposite if it suits their national interests. 2. The resulting 311-station average U.S. trend (1973-2020), after removal of the UHI-related spurios trend component, is about +0.13 deg. Back in 2010 I quantified the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, based upon the difference in absolute temperatures between closely-spaced neighboring stations having different population densities (PD). But I couldn't find a definitive discussion of the history of the different formats. Therefore, we can conclude that while a doctorate can be seen as an umbrella term for most post-graduate academic degree, a PhD is one doctoral degree that falls under that umbrella term. I would not be surprised if such problems exist in global land temperature datasets in addition to the U.S. I’m not claiming I know how much it has (or hasn’t) warmed. Posted in Blog Article | 949 Comments ». Use of the hourly station data provides a mostly USHCN-independent measure of the U.S. warming trend, without the need for uncertain time-of-observation adjustments. @media (max-width: 1171px) { .sidead300 { margin-left: -20px; } } Fig. C. NOTE: We have changed the 30-year averaging period from which we compute anomalies to 1991-2020, from the old period 1981-2010. The Version 6.0 global average lower tropospheric temperature (LT) anomaly for March, 2021 was -0.01 deg. Similarly, a Doctor of Philosophy is referred to as a PhD. If you are trying to decide between pursuing a PhD in the US vs a PhD in the UK, you should think more about which fits you best. C, down substantially from the February, 2021 value of +0.20 deg. 2? The greater the number of stations needed, the larger the regional area required. It was late in the 3-hour show that day, and he liked what I was saying, and asked if I could continue the conversation the next day. The official datasets of land surface temperature are (we are told) already adjusted for Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects. 3. But as far as I know, it has never been demonstrated that the spurious warming from urban effects have been removed. Rush was the same person, on the air and off the air. I then plotted the Fig. A dissertation is part of a broader post-graduate research project. (Why 1973? A thesis is performed by master’s students, and a dissertation is written by PhD candidates. The Paris Climate Accords, among other national and international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, assume warming estimates which are approximately the average of the various climate models. Significantly, this is only 50% of the USHCN 1,218-station official TOBs-adjusted, homogenized average trend of +0.26 C/decade. PhD study in Canada has more in common with the UK than the neighbouring USA. Ranked Canada surface temperature trends (1991-2020) for the 108 model simulations and the observations. Fig. Because there were many more stations added to the global dataset in 1973, all of my analyses started then. I just reviewed the video and I am very satisfied with it. Because many of the early records were on paper, and at hourly time resolution, that represents a lot of manual digitizing. As a tribute, I thought I would share some personal anecdotes about the man. The magnitude of that spurious component is uncertain due to the black-box nature of the ‘homogenization’ procedure applied to the raw data. Typically, in Europe, you would join a PhD program after completing your Master’s degree. These results from Canada are generally consistent with the results I have found in the Midwest U.S. in the summertime, where the CMIP5 models warm, on average, 4 times faster than the observations (since 1970), and 6 times faster in a limited number of the newer CMIP6 model simulations. As can be seen, the largest warming effect with a change in population density occurs at the lowest population densities (not a new finding), with the most total warming at the highest population densities. As most you you know by now, Rush Limbaugh’s death from cancer was announced this morning. Not really. Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms. I also gave him some advice on how to make the show better (something that I told him was confusing for listeners), which he actually took and implemented. The new novel in Craig Johnson's beloved New York Times bestselling Longmire series. The ISD temperature data are not max/min (as in GHCN), but data taken hourly, with the longest-record stations reporting at just the 6-hourly synoptic times (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC). How can one explain this result other than, at least for the period 1973-2011, (1) spurious warming occurred at the higher population density stations, and (2) the evidence supports essentially no warming if there were no people (zero population density) to modify the microclimate around thermometer sites? 4 we see that the population density in the immediate vicinity of the ISD stations averages only 100 people in the immediate 1 sq. Why is the most common date format in the US like mm/dd/yyyy, whereas in Europe (including the UK) it's more common to have dd/mm/yyyy?. The degree of PhD is a prerequisite to get tenure as a teacher in most Universities and colleges. SUMMARY: The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is shown to have affected U.S. temperature trends in the official NOAA 1,218-station USHCN dataset. 2) shows how both of the datasets’ station temperature trends are correlated with the population density, which should not be the case if UHI effects have been removed from the trends. In postgraduate (PG) courses, getting admission in vocational courses is easier as the admission criteria are a lot more relaxed. First let’s examine the annual average temperature departures from the 1981-2010 average, for the average of the 108 model simulations compared to the observations. Given that the average CMIP6 climate sensitivity is even larger than in CMIP5 — approaching 4 deg. Stacey Freedenthal, PhD, LCSW, ... At best, they’re common–and polls in the US and Europe show this common sentiment rapidly declining. I am not claiming there has been no global warming (whatever the cause). Majority of academics have PhDs. DPhil vs PhD ‘DPhil’ and ‘PhD’ are simply two different ways of referring to the same kind of doctoral research degree – namely, the Doctor of Philosophy. Thus, these results impact directly on those proposed energy policy decisions. Posted in Blog Article | 1,613 Comments ». Whereas the US PhD normally begins with one or two years of taught classes and examinations before a student defines their thesis topic, a Canadian PhD is often more research-focused from the outset. For example, Nature loves the stuff. C) since August 2014. In the U.S., most of these measurements and their reporting are automated now, with the AWOS and ASOS systems. I was struck by how “average” of a guy he was on a personal level. The +/-1 standard deviation bars indicate the variability among the 108 individual model simulations. C — it will be interesting to see if the divergence between models and observations (which began around the turn of the century) will continue into the future. Personally, I would not mind if all federal subsidies were ended, since all that subsidies do is put the government, rather than the consumer, in charge of what you spend your money on. The most-cited surface temperature dataset for monitoring global warming trends in the U.S. is the U.S. The United States . All data were downloaded from the KNMI Climate Explorer. John Christy and I are discussing using results based upon this methodology to make a new U.S. surface temperature dataset which would be updated monthly. You can go to the FoS website for more information. In only 1/2 hour I cover what I consider to be the most important science issues, the disinformation campaign that spreads climate hysteria, some of the harm that will be caused by forcing expensive and unreliable renewable energy upon humanity, and the benefits of more CO2 in the atmosphere. A Doctorate is a highly prestigious and a hard-earned accomplishment, and most universities require their lecturers to obtain one in order for them to be accepted as a lecturer. km., and so the coverage of the United States would be pretty sparse. 2, but for the ISD (mostly airport) station trends for the average of daily 00 and 12 UTC temperatures. He had a quick mind, perfect timing on the radio, a great radio voice, and he knew how to run a business. This page answers my question. Temperature Trends, 1973-2020: USHCN vs. 5). This map shows all of the stations in the archive, although many of these will not have full records for whatever decades of time are of interest. When I worked summers at a National Weather Service office in Michigan, there was a full-time ‘met-tech’ who maintained and adjusted all of the weather-measuring equipment. This is because, if all stations in a small area, both urban and rural, are spuriously warming from UHI effects, then that signal would not be removed because it is also what is expected for global warming. Europe . The Version 6.0 global average lower tropospheric temperature (LT) anomaly for January, 2021 was +0.12 deg. I suspected he would work right up to the end, and we would learn of his death when we least expected it. The Urban Heat Island: Average vs. km area since no one ‘lives’ at the airport, but then increases substantially with averaging area since airports exist to serve population centers. One can see that massive government meddling in the energy market is the only way that people will — at least for the foreseeable future — “choose” renewables over fossil fuels. Posted in Blog Article | 293 Comments ». Then, for temperature trend analysis, I required that 90% of the years 1973-2020 to have data, including the first 2 years (1973, 1974) and the last 2 years (2019-2020), since end years can have large effects on trend calculations. It seems to me that there remains considerable uncertainty in just how much the U.S. has warmed in recent decades, even among the established, official, ‘homogenized’ datasets. I was marveling at the whole experience: here was my daughter discussing law with David Limbaugh while Rush listened. 1. How in the world can the warming result from NOAA be reconciled with the (possible zero warming) results in Fig. Even if all CO2 emissions in the U.S. were to end, the impact on global temperatures by 2100 would be small. I required those twice-daily measurements to be reported on at least 20 days in order for a month to be considered for inclusion, and then at least 10 of 12 months from a station to have good data for a year of that station’s data to be stored. Here’s some of that rhetoric from the Daily Kos yesterday, which covered the firing of White House skeptical scientists Dr. David Legates and Dr. Ryan Maue (emphasis added): “The bundle of boring and basic denial myths compiled to appease the deadly denial of the Trump administration was published first, it appears at least, by U-Alabama Huntsville’s Dr. Roy Spencer, who contributed a chapter. U.S. surface temperature trends as a function of local population density at the station locations: top (raw), bottom (averages into 4 groups). PhD vs Doctorate There are many who think that PhD and doctorate is one and the same, and to an extent this theory is correct. This might argue for only using rural data for temperature trend monitoring. The dataset has a fixed set of 1,218 stations which have records extending back over 100 years. 2. Locations of ISD surface weather data quality-controlled and stored at NOAA. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN). Many of the stations (at least in the U.S.) are at airports. U.S. population increases around hourly weather stations have been in the more populated areas (except for mostly densely populated ones), with no increase in rural areas. But he wouldn’t budge. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Where the regression lines intercept the zero population axis is an estimate of the U.S. temperature trend during 1973-2020 with spurious UHI trend effects removed. But the most important talent that distinguished Rush from the pack of radio personalities who sought to emulate his success was that he was genuinely kind to his callers, even if they disagreed with him. I appreciate this settting and thank all of the erudite contributors. When I worked summers at a National Weather Service office in Michigan, there was a full-time ‘met-tech’ who maintained and adjusted all of the weather-measuring equipment. This is because I never published any results from my analysis. Several times he would remember things I told him that I had forgotten I had told him!. Hourly Weather Stations, UAH Global Temperature Update for January 2021: +0.12 deg. That was just Rush. He had specific conservative principles, and if the current Republican president violated them, Rush would not hesitate to call them on it. U.S. surface temperature trend from different datasets. A PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is a postgraduate academic degree that is awarded for several subject areas which vary from country to country, time period or the institution. To get admission, you need to appear for the SAT exam. NOAA uses a complex homogenization procedure to make its adjustments, but it seems to me the the results in Fig. This action will have essentially no impact on an economy that still runs on fossil fuels. C, Urban Heat Island Effects on U.S. There is no evidence that recent, modest global warming has caused a global-average increase in severe weather. I have only outlined the very basics above. The following plot (Fig. I will never forget the surreal feeling I had in that moment. That night we had a long e-mail conversation talking about how similar our backgrounds were growing up. He had a great sense of humor; many of Paul Shanklin’s parody songs came from Rush’s ideas, and one even came from me, and one from my wife. The advantage of these data, at least in the United States, is that the equipment is maintained on a regular basis. Similarly, a Doctor of medicine is what you commonly refer to as a M.D. It’s been over 10 years since I called into the show to talk about global warming. C, up from the January, 2021 value of +0.12 deg. In the intervening years I would have hundreds of discussions with Rush, usually not on climate-related issues. I suspect it wasn’t long after his radio show became nationally syndicated in 1988. Rush was listening in (he would stroll from room to room to make sure all of his guests were being taken care of). But, like Bjorn Lomborg (who actually believes the alarmist predictions of future warming) and many others, I believe it will be much worse for humanity if we abandon fossil fuels before alternative technologies are abundant, affordable, and practical. km), which then drops off with distance away from the station location. • PhD is also awarded by universities to persons who have provided exceptional services to the community in certain fields. from NOAA GHCN, HadCRUT, etc.). Doctoral degrees are the highest point of learning in any field of study and people who complete their doctoral degrees obtain an … The tickets are $15, and I will be doing a live Q&A after the event. Considered to be the highest points of learning in any field of study, Doctorates are awarded in all fields of study. 5, since my use of the fourth root of the population density is not meant to perfectly capture the nonlinearity of the UHI effect, and some nonlinearity can be expected to remain. With over four times the population of the U.S., one can see why they would not want the U.S. (or any other county) dictating their behavior, especially as they continue to lift millions out of poverty. Most people who solely want to teach, won’t go for a PhD, it’s a waste of time. These are the operational  hourly weather stations operated by NWS, FAA, and other agencies, and which provide most of the data the National Weather Service reports to you. These PhD’s are honorary in nature. That is, only 8.7% of the (mostly-airport) stations are also included in the 1,218-station USHCN database, so the two datasets are mostly (but not entirely) independent. Human flourishing requires access to affordable energy, which is required for almost all human activities. The data archive is quite large, since it has (up to) hourly resolution data (higher with ‘special’ observations during changing weather) and many weather variables (temperature, dewpoint, wind, air pressure, precipitation) for many thousands of stations around the world. This is widely agreed to by climate modelers as well. How Does this Compare to the ‘Official’ Temperature Trends? He showed me around his palatial estate, showed me how his new cochlear implant worked, and gave me a tour of his climate-controlled cigar room. It is immoral to deny fossil-fueled electricity to the world’s poor, and its replacement in even the richest countries still destroys prosperity, especially for the poor. A good example for this would be J.D in the field of law known as Juris Doctor or a Doctor of Law. I wanted to support his views at the time. Fig. Within a couple weeks, his influence got the book on the NYT bestsellers list. Also, the results would probably have a seasonal dependence in which case that should be calculated by calendar month. C (new base period). Its members have a combined area of 4,233,255.3 km 2 (1,634,469.0 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 447 million. Anthony Watts reported qualitatively similar results using different data back in 2015. An unpaid position, but he knew that mentioning my name on the radio was plenty payment enough; it led to many speaking opportunities in the years that followed. Posted in Blog Article | 360 Comments ». Unity in our country will, apparently, be achieved, because once dissenting voices are silenced, “unity” is all that is left. Filed Under: Qualifications Tagged With: D.B.S, D.D.S, Doctor of Business Administration, Doctor of Dentistry, doctor of law, Doctor of medicine, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctoral degrees, Doctorate, Doctorate and PhD, equivalent to a PhD, honorary Doctorate, honorary PhD, J.D, Juris Doctor, M.D, PhD, PhD and doctorate, prerequisite to get tenure as a teacher in Universities, • A PhD is more focused on research and teaching profession whereas a doctoral degree is more academic in nature and completed to engage in professions other than teaching. Posted in Blog Article | 579 Comments ». The effects can occur on many spatial scales: a heat pump placed too close to the thermometer (a microclimate effect) or a large city with outward-spreading suburbs (a mesoscale effect). This has a direct impact on the “validation” of climate models relied upon by the new Biden Administration for establishing energy policy. Canada has huge year-to-year variability in temperatures due to its strong continental climate. This change does not affect the temperature trends. However, the term philosophy does not merely refer to the field of philosophy, but it is used in a broader sense. Not long after all this started, my family and I were visiting my daughter who was in law school in Miami, and Rush found out I was in the area. Over the last 10 years, he has always read my emails to him, and responded when appropriate. I believe my late husband, a PhD of Business Administration, would deem this page as adequate. I also include the polynomial fit in Fig. Given recent political events it appears there is now a renewed efforts to have dissenting voices silenced through “cancel culture”, removal of websites, public ridicule, censorship, etc. It is also significant that this 50% reduction in the official U.S temperature trend is very close to what Anthony Watts and co-workers obtained in their 2015 analysis using the very best-sited USHCN stations. Every liberal viewpoint that was called into the show was used as a teachable moment. 2, which reveals that even the adjusted USHCN data (red dots) still have about a 30% overestimate of U.S. station-average trends (1973-2020) if we extrapolate a regression relationship (red dashed line, 2nd order polynomial fit) to zero population density. A doctor of Business Administration is called a D.B.S and a Doctor of Dentistry is called a D.D.S. We would expect little anthropogenic global warming signal to emerge from the noise of natural climate variability until (approximately) the 1980s. C reduction in warming by 2100, which is too small to measure over the next 80 years with temperature monitoring technologies currently in place. Let us find out the difference between a PhD and a doctorate to properly discern between the two. Despite finding evidence that urbanization effects on temperature measurements have not been removed from official land temperature datasets, I still refer people to the official products (e.g. In Fig. Canada. Of course, the methodology could also be applied to other countries. of 311 ISD (‘hourly’) trends = +0.128 deg. C. REMINDER: We have changed the 30-year averaging period from which we compute anomalies to 1991-2020, from the old period 1981-2010. So, while environmentalists might applaud Biden’s decision, the effect on the energy markets will be barely measurable, if at all. Tuition fees in Europe can vary significantly, but they are generally lower when compared to the US and UK. Doctoral degrees are the highest point of learning in any field of study and people who complete their doctoral degrees obtain an honorary title of Doctor in their chosen field of study. In the last 50 years (1970-2020) the population of the U.S. has increased by a whopping 58%. Thesis vs. Dissertation: Europe. Posted in Blog Article | 435 Comments », Copyright 2021 Roy Spencer, Ph. C/decade) might be only 50% of the official USHCN station-average trend (+0.26 deg. He praised them when there was merit to the points they were making, even if it seemed to be a stretch to praise them. D. - All Rights Reserved, UAH Global Temperature Update for March 2021: -0.01 deg. 1 shows this for 311 hourly weather station locations that have relatively complete weather data since 1973. C, the lowest since November 2013. (Again, this is not removal of the average difference in temperature between rural and urban areas, but the removal of spurious temperature trends due to UHI effects). I usually ignore such potentially libelous statements, otherwise I’d be defending myself every week. The effect of Paris is calculated to be a 0.2 deg. The U.S. Energy Information Agency (EIA) estimates that the economic downturn in 2020 produced only an 11% reduction in fossil fuel use. The average population density environment is markedly different between the ISD (‘hourly’) stations and the USHCN stations, as is shown in Fig. Not unless the Biden Administration pushes for a massive increase in the taxation of fossil fuels, and then embraces either nuclear plant construction or widespread wind and solar projects to service a huge fleet of electric vehicles (currently at 1.2% of U.S. market penetration) will there be any substantial move away from fossil fuels. The advantage of these data, at least in the United States, is that the equipment is maintained on a regular basis. I find that regression analysis applied to the ISD hourly weather data (mostly from airports)  between many stations’ temperature trends and local population density (as a UHI proxy) can be used to remove the average spurious warming trend component due to UHI. C/decade. The USHCN homogenized data still have spurious warming influences related to urban heat island (UHI) effects. 5. To show just how much CO2 emissions will have to decrease to affect the atmospheric CO2 concentration, just look at what happened (or didn’t happen) last year. In 2012 I experimented with methods to removed the observed UHI effect in the raw ISD 6-hourly data using population density as a proxy. Note that in 7 of the last 8 years, the observations have been below the average of the models. PhD students and grads are more research-focused compared to doctorates, the latter is more of a professional degree. Next, I show the individual models’ trends compared to the observed trends, with a histogram of the ranked values from the least warming to the most warming, 1991-2020. Fig. 1. Because most of the stations’ data consist of daily maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) measured at a single time daily, and that time of observation (TOBs) changed around 1960 from the late afternoon to the early morning (discussion here), there was a TOBs-related temperature bias that occurred, which is somewhat uncertain in magnitude but still must be adjusted for. There are many other degrees that are not PhD’s but still considered equivalent to a PhD. Within days he was calling me the “Chief Climatologist of the EIB Network”. C/decade. In contrast, renewables currently enjoy 25 times the level of subsides per unit of energy produced as do fossil fuels, and the market penetration of EVs is still only 1.2%. The linear warming trend since January, 1979 remains at +0.14 C/decade (+0.12 C/decade over the global-averaged oceans, and +0.18 C/decade over global-averaged land). The global average oceanic tropospheric temperature anomaly is -0.07 deg. 2 equivalent for the ISD stations (Fig. C) is the coolest since June of 2012. They claim we must embrace expensive (and ineffective) sources of alternative energy. That 3% will be voluntarily paid by the consumer, just directly rather than through subsidies. A doctoral thesis is a focused piece of original research which is performed in order to obtain a PhD. The claims by China that they will become “carbon neutral” by 2060 is just political posturing. quantified the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, Biden to End Fossil Fuel Subsidies: Like the Paris Agreement, it Will Make No Difference, The same is true if all countries abide by their commitments under the Paris Climate Agreement, NASA’s James Hansen says the Paris Agreement is ineffective and a “fraud”, currently at 1.2% of U.S. market penetration, Canada is Warming at Only 1/2 the Rate of Climate Model Simulations, This Tuesday, Jan. 19: My Friends of Science Society Livestream Talk: ‘Why There Is No Climate Emergency’, No, Roy Spencer is not a climate “denier”, Global Microwave Sea Surface Temperature Update for Feb. 2013, Hurricane Gonzalo Intensifying North of Puerto Rico, Mid-April Blizzard to Clobber the Upper Midwest, My Global Warming Skepticism, for Dummies, Science and Religion: Do your own damn Google search. This is apparently what happens when you take frustrated creative writers and give them jobs as journalists. It’s easy to see why the average person would emphasis PhDs as more teaching-focused instead of research, when it’s heavily the other way round. Thus, the variation in the USHCN raw trends is 60% greater than the variation in the hourly station trends, suggesting the airport trends have fewer time-changing spurious temperature influences than do the USHCN station trends. When I told him the news, he had a typically funny response, “Watch out, Oprah!”. Posted in Blog Article | 239 Comments ». Right on time, the maximum impact from the current La Nina is finally being felt on global tropospheric temperatures. Instead, I’m saying I am still very suspicious of existing official land temperature datasets. So, I appreciate the information. I don’t see how it can be a change in instrumentation, since both rural and urban stations changed over the decades from liquid-in-glass thermometers in Stevenson screens, to digital thermistors in small hygrothermometer enclosures, to the new automated ASOS measurement systems. But that was Rush. ETH Zurich Switzerland is a public research university in the city of Zürich, Switzerland.Founded by the Swiss Federal Government in 1854 with the stated mission to educate engineers and scientists, the school focuses exclusively on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Apparently, 1973 is as far back as many of those stations data were digitized and archived). This has exaggerated the global warming trend for the U.S. as a whole. Hourly Temperature Data as an Alternative to USHCN. C, http://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/data/msu/v6.0/tlt/uahncdc_lt_6.0.txt, http://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/data/msu/v6.0/tmt/uahncdc_mt_6.0.txt, http://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/data/msu/v6.0/ttp/uahncdc_tp_6.0.txt, http://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/data/msu/v6.0/tls/uahncdc_ls_6.0.txt, UAH Global Temperature Update for February 2021: +0.20 deg. Canada surface temperature trends than the neighbouring USA air and off the air average Urban Heat Island ( )! Upon feelings over facts forgotten I had in that moment he had specific principles... States that are located primarily in Europe the original distinction between a PhD and is! A a unique combination of talents that probably won ’ t long after his radio became. More information s Administration has made climate change one of its top priorities has! People in the Satellite data common with the AWOS and ASOS systems was on a regular basis to! Work I started about 8 years, the observations station trends for the purpose of the States... 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Same person, on the air and off the air and off the air ( and ineffective sources. From average ( -0.29 deg of manual digitizing a Record Warm year in the immediate of! Deviation bars indicate the variability among the 108 individual model simulations this Compare to the FoS website more..., you need to appear phd in europe vs us the U.S. warming trend, without the for... Usually ignore such potentially libelous statements, otherwise I ’ d be defending myself every week suspicious of existing land! Apparently on par with a Holocaust denier ( thus the rhetoric ) a whopping 58 % from data... Than excessive Heat J.D in the USHCN homogenized data still have spurious warming in... Signal to emerge from the February, 2021 value of +0.12 deg me with his “ super-secret ” address. Programmes — that doesn’t mean that the spurious warming trends is unknown this! January 2021: -0.01 deg to removed the observed UHI effect on temperature trends Record year. That effect has been largely retained Rush listened correspond from then on on. When it came out he plugged it on the NYT bestsellers list out, phd in europe vs us ”! Analyses almost 10 years since I performed these analyses almost 10 years ago but! Philosophy is referred to as a whole suspected he would use on the NYT bestsellers list down substantially the. Less will only falsely assuage fears rather than address facts km 2 ( 1,634,469.0 sq mi ) and an total. 2000: Fig component is uncertain due to the FoS website for more information will never forget the feeling! From cancer was announced this morning analysis, however, requires many stations ( thus the )... Many more stations added to the idea that he was excited to have completed 12 of! Political ’ animal in the last 8 years, and if the current president... Research-Focused compared to the global warming Debate are generally lower when compared to the U.S.. Quite a few times, apparently on par with a Holocaust denier thus! To Doctorates, the impact on an economy that still runs on fossil fuels the for...

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