The ground surface is horizontal. Chapter 8 Foundation Design 8 .1 Overview This chapter covers the geotechnical design of bridge foundations, cut-and-cover ... slope feasible for the bridge approach fills for the purpose of determining bridge ... seismic site characterization and estimated ground acceleration, and recommendations to address known constructability issues. Strip and trench fill foundations shall be taken to a suitable bearing level when building on sloping ground, and steps shall be suitably formed. Crawl spaces are common in the Northwest and Southeast. The use of foundation in such conditions may lead to scour and liquefaction. Matthew T. Gray, EIT 281-358-1121 r.michael.gray.pe@alumni.utexas.net TREC 895 832-527-6351 grayresidential@msn.com TREC 5904 authors and webmasters for www.houston-slab-foundations.info Stronger soil underlain by weaker soil The foundation will be on or near a sloped ground surface. Sloping ground may require stepped foundations. There will be cases where more than one soil type will be present within the failure zone. A crawl space is a building the ground surface. Swales used for this purpose shall be sloped a minimum of 2 percent where located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the building foun-dation. 8) = 1.1 6 TSF Unconfined Co (Fig. This is not always the case. Figure 1.1 depicts different foundation types; a brief description follows. Impervious surfaces within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the building foundation shall be sloped not less than 2 percent away from the building. Pile Foundations. The induced foundation load is measured by the load cell incorporated in the actuator assembly (Fig. 5 feet below the groundwater depth) is: σv’ = 5(γ) + 5(γ’) Where γ is the total unit weight of the soil and γ’ is the effective (or submerged) unit foundation on the sloped fill moves vertically downwards as a rigid body at a constant rate. The design differs from structural design in that the choices in material and framing system are not available, and quality of materials cannot be assured. 2). Types of Deep Foundation 5. BUYER’S GUIDE TO SLAB-ON-GROUND FOUNDATIONS R. Michael Gray, P.E. 10% ground slope C5 (Fig. Such cases include: 1. The vertical effective overburden pressure (σv’) at a depth of 10 feet below the ground surface (i.e. Foundations A foundation is defined as the engineered interface between the earth and the structure it supports that transmits the loads to the soil or rock. Pile foundation is a type of deep foundation which is used to transfer heavy loads from the structure to a hard rock strata much deep below the ground level. 2 9) = 1.2 PIo = 30 x 1.1 x 1.2 = 39.6 Use an Effective Plasticity Index of 40 for design purposes HOUSE GEOMETRY AND LOADS It is best to calculate the total weight of house and foundation, but in lieu of that, or as a starting point it is possible to use the following for most conven- h 1 <3 CLEARANCE = h/2 NEED NOT EXCEED 15' Section 91.1806.5.2 Building clearance from ascending slopes. Rigid base that prevents full development of general shear 2. Pile foundations are commonly used in coastal flood zones to elevate structures above flood levels, in weak or expansive soils to reach a stable stratum, and on steeply sloped sites. Impervious surfaces within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the building foundation shall be sloped a minimum of 2 percent away from the building. drawn tangent to the slope at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. method of diverting water away from the foundation.

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